Effects of high-intensity interval training on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus A narrative review
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) which is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, peripheral insulin resistance, or both, is one of the most relevant cardiovascular risk factors worldwide. Its most prevalent and studied form is type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), a chronic multifunctional condition linked to physical inactivity and lifestyle. The purpose of this narrative review is to explore the implications of high intensity interval training on different hemodynamic, biochemical and anthropometric parameters of DM2 patients. Findings yielded that high-intensity interval training is a safe and recommended training method to improve functional capacity and certain parameters such as body weight and body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), VO2 maximum (peak) and Hb1Ac, compared to moderate and low intensity training, and passive controls. Moreover, the benefits of physical exercise are independent of weight loss and there is no nutritional protocol or drug to replace them.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Banday, M. Z., Sameer, A. S., & Nissar, S. (2020). Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview. Avicenna Journal of Medicine, 10(04), 174-188. https://doi.org/10.4103/ajm.ajm_53_20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ajm.ajm_53_20
Cerf, M. E. (2013). Beta Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2013.00037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2013.00037
Chester, B., Stanely, W. G., & Geetha, T. (2018). Quick guide to type 2 diabetes self-management education: Creating an interdisciplinary diabetes management team. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Volume 11, 641-645. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S178556 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S178556
Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Fernhall, B., Regensteiner, J. G., Blissmer, B. J., Rubin, R. R., Chasan-Taber, L., Albright, A. L., & Braun, B. (2010). Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 33(12), e147-e167. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-9990 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-9990
Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., Horton, E. S., Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(11), 2065-2079. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728
da Silva, D. E., Grande, A. J., Roever, L., Tse, G., Liu, T., Biondi-Zoccai, G., & de Farias, J. M. (2019). High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. Current Atherosclerosis Reports, 21(2), 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-019-0767-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-019-0767-9
De Nardi, A., Tolves, T., Larissa, T., Signori, L., & Vargas da Silva, A. (2018). High-intensity interval training versus continuous training on physiological and metabolic variables in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2017.12.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2017.12.017
Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. (2018). Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada. Can J Diabetes.
EBSCO Information Services. (2018). Diabetes Alternative Treatments. Dynamed.
Fritz, N. B., Gene-Morales, J., Saez-Berlanga, Á., Juesas, A., Flandez, J., & Colado, J. C. (2021). Resistance training for chronic low back pain in the elderly: A systematic review. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2021 - Winter Conferences of Sports Science. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2021 - Winter Conferences of Sports Science. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.Proc3.66 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.Proc3.66
Gaesser, G. A., & Angadi, S. S. (2021). Obesity treatment: Weight loss versus increasing fitness and physical activity for reducing health risks. IScience, 24(10), 102995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102995
Galicia-Garcia, U., Benito-Vicente, A., Jebari, S., Larrea-Sebal, A., Siddiqi, H., Uribe, K. B., Ostolaza, H., & Martín, C. (2020). Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(17), 6275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176275 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176275
Golay, A., & Ybarra, J. (2005). Link between obesity and type 2 diabetes. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 19(4), 649-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2005.07.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2005.07.010
Hordern, M. D., Dunstan, D. W., Prins, J. B., Baker, M. K., Singh, M. A. F., & Coombes, J. S. (2012). Exercise prescription for patients with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes: A position statement from Exercise and Sport Science Australia. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(1), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.04.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.04.005
Iglay, K., Hannachi, H., Joseph Howie, P., Xu, J., Li, X., Engel, S. S., Moore, L. M., & Rajpathak, S. (2016). Prevalence and co-prevalence of comorbidities among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 32(7), 1243-1252. https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2016.1168291 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2016.1168291
Jiménez-Maldonado, A., García-Suárez, P. C., Rentería, I., Moncada-Jiménez, J., & Plaisance, E. P. (2020). Impact of high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training on peripheral markers of glycemic control in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, 1866(8), 165820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165820 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165820
Joseph, J. J., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Talegawkar, S. A., Effoe, V. S., Okhomina, V., Carnethon, M. R., Hsueh, W. A., & Golden, S. H. (2017). Modifiable Lifestyle Risk Factors and Incident Diabetes in African Americans. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(5), e165-e174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.06.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.06.018
Khan, M. A. B., Hashim, M. J., King, J. K., Govender, R. D., Mustafa, H., & Al Kaabi, J. (2019). Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes - Global Burden of Disease and Forecasted Trends: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 10(1), 107. https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.191028.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.191028.001
Langleite, T. M., Jensen, J., Norheim, F., Gulseth, H. L., Tangen, D. S., Kolnes, K. J., Heck, A., Storås, T., Grøthe, G., Dahl, M. A., Kielland, A., Holen, T., Noreng, H. J., Stadheim, H. K., Bjørnerud, A., Johansen, E. I., Nellemann, B., Birkeland, K. I., & Drevon, C. A. (2016). Insulin sensitivity, body composition and adipose depots following 12 w combined endurance and strength training in dysglycemic and normoglycemic sedentary men. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 122(4), 167-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2016.1202985 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2016.1202985
Lin, X., Xu, Y., Pan, X., Xu, J., Ding, Y., Sun, X., Song, X., Ren, Y., & Shan, P.-F. (2020). Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: An analysis from 1990 to 2025. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 14790. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71908-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71908-9
Lingvay, I., Sumithran, P., Cohen, R., & le Roux, C. (2021). Obesity management as a primary treatment goal for type 2 diabetes: Time to reframe the conversation. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01919-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01919-X
Liu, J., Zhu, L., Li, P., Li, N., & Xu, Y. (2019). Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training on glycemic control and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(5), 575-593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-1012-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-1012-z
Livadas, S., Anagnostis, P., Bosdou, J. K., Bantouna, D., & Paparodis, R. (2022). Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A state-of-the-art review. World Journal of Diabetes, 13(1), 5-26. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v13.i1.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v13.i1.5
Lora-Pozo, Lucena-Anton, Salazar, Galán-Mercant, & Moral-Munoz. (2019). Anthropometric, Cardiopulmonary and Metabolic Benefits of the High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate, Low-Intensity or Control for Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4524. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224524 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224524
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., Burri, H., Butler, J., Čelutkienė, J., Chioncel, O., Cleland, J. G. F., Coats, A. J. S., Crespo-Leiro, M. G., Farmakis, D., Gilard, M., Heymans, S., Hoes, A. W., Jaarsma, T., Jankowska, E. A., … Skibelund, A. K. (2021). 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal, 42(36), 3599-3726. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab670
Newton, R. L., Han, H., Zderic, T., & Hamilton, M. (2013). The Energy Expenditure of Sedentary Behavior: A Whole Room Calorimeter Study. PLoS ONE, 8(5), e63171. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063171 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063171
Paternina-de la Osa, A., Villaquirán-Hurtado, A., Jácome-Velasco, S., Galvis-Fernández, B., & Granados-Vidal, Y. A. (2017). Actividad física en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y relación con características sociodemográficas, clínicas y antropométricas. Universidad y Salud, 20(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.182001.111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.182001.111
Paulweber, B., Valensi, P., Lindström, J., Lalic, N., Greaves, C., McKee, M., Kissimova-Skarbek, K., Liatis, S., Cosson, E., Szendroedi, J., Sheppard, K., Charlesworth, K., Felton, A.-M., Hall, M., Rissanen, A., Tuomilehto, J., Schwarz, P., Roden, M., Paulweber, M., … Yilmaz, T. (2010). A European Evidence-Based Guideline for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 42(S 01), S3-S36. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1240928 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1240928
Picard, M., Tauveron, I., Magdasy, S., Benichou, T., Bagheri, R., Ugbolue, U. C., Navel, V., & Dutheil, F. (2021). Effect of exercise training on heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 16(5), e0251863. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251863 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251863
Raveendran, A. V. (2018). Non-pharmacological Treatment Options in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. European Endocrinology, 14(2), 31. https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2018.14.2.31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2018.14.2.31
Reddy, P. H. (2018). Can Diabetes Be Controlled by Lifestyle Activities? 9.
Sabag, A., Little, J. P., & Johnson, N. (2021). Low-volume high-intensity interval training for cardiometabolic health. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP281210 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1113/JP281210
Taheri, S., Zaghloul, H., Chagoury, O., Elhadad, S., Ahmed, S. H., El Khatib, N., Amona, R. A., El Nahas, K., Suleiman, N., Alnaama, A., Al-Hamaq, A., Charlson, M., Wells, M. T., Al-Abdulla, S., & Abou-Samra, A. B. (2020). Effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on bodyweight and glycaemia in early type 2 diabetes (DIADEM-I): An open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 8(6), 477-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30117-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30117-0
Umpierre, D. (2011). Physical Activity Advice Only or Structured Exercise Training and Association With HbA 1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA, 305(17), 1790. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.576 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.576
Wondmkun, Y. T. (2020). Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes: Associations and Therapeutic Implications. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Volume 13, 3611-3616. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S275898 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S275898
Wu, Y., Ding, Y., Tanaka, Y., & Zhang, W. (2014). Risk Factors Contributing to Type 2 Diabetes and Recent Advances in the Treatment and Prevention. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 11(11), 1185-1200. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.10001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.10001
Yang, Z., Scott, C. A., Mao, C., Tang, J., & Farmer, A. J. (2014). Resistance Exercise Versus Aerobic Exercise for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 44(4), 487-499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0128-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0128-8