Rapid weight loss in combative sports Systematic literature review

Abstract

Rapid Weight Loss (RWL) is a widely practiced strategy among combat sports athletes aiming to qualify weight classes within a short timeframe. While perceived as a competitive advantage, RWL poses significant risks to athletes’ physiological and psychological well-being. Severe weight-cutting methods can lead to dehydration, impaired cognitive function, decrease muscle strength, and long-term complications. This systematic review evaluates existing literature on RWL, focusing on its methods, physiological and psychological effects, and potential safer alternatives. The researches’ findings suggest that moderate RWL, defines as losing less than 5% of body mass, is unlikely to impair athlete’s short-term performance. However, excessive RWL significantly increase the risk of dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, renal dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances, all of which may compromise both health and athletic performance. Additionally, RWL can negatively impact mood, mental clarity, and decision-making abilities, further affecting competitive outcomes. To mitigate these risks, stricter regulation on weight management, enhanced education for athletes and coaches, and further research into safe and effective weight control strategies are recommended. By promoting evidence-based approaches to weight management, combat sports organizations can prioritize athlete well-being while maintaining fair competition. A more sustainable approach to weight regulation s crucial for both short-term performance and long-term health.