The effectiveness of long-term physical rehabilitation to improve balance and locomotion in older people with Parkinson's disease A systematic review
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Walking and balance alterations are critical to address in older adults living with Parkinson's Disease (PD). These alterations negatively impact activities of daily life, decrease the quality of life and increase the risk of falls. Objective: Analyse the effectiveness of different long-term exercise interventions to improve walking and balance parameters in people aged over 60 years with PD. Methods: Experimental studies from the last 10 years collected from 5 databases (PEDro, PubMed, WOS and EBSCO) were analysed. PEDro scale was used to analyse the quality of the studies, and the result shown in the studies was contrasted with the minimal detectable change (MDC). Results: From 413 studies, a total of 7 RCTs and 2 pilot studies were included in the analysis. The range of age was 65.8 ± 10.7 and 73.59 ± 7.93 years. The duration of the disease was 5 to 15 years. The methodological quality ranged from "good" to "excellent". Conclusions: More significant clinical effect in PD population was obtained after interventions that included: high-intensity strength training, progressive increase of resistance, aerobic exercise, and walking and balance training.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Armstrong, M. J., & Okun, M. S. (2020). Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson Disease: A Review. JAMA, 323(6), 548-560. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.22360 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.22360
Ashburn, A., Pickering, R., McIntosh, E., Hulbert, S., Rochester, L., Roberts, H. C., Nieuwboer, A., Kunkel, D., Goodwin, V. A., Lamb, S. E., Ballinger, C., & Seymour, K. C. (2019). Exercise- and strategy-based physiotherapy-delivered intervention for preventing repeat falls in people with Parkinson's: the PDSAFE RCT. Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 23(36), 1-150. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta23360 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3310/hta23360
Canning, C. G., Paul, S. S., & Nieuwboer, A. (2014). Prevention of falls in Parkinson's disease: a review of fall risk factors and the role of physical interventions. Neurodegenerative disease management, 4(3), 203-221. https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt.14.22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt.14.22
Capriotti, T., & Terzakis, K. (2016). Parkinson Disease. Home healthcare now, 34(6), 300-307. https://doi.org/10.1097/NHH.0000000000000398 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NHH.0000000000000398
Dibble, L. E., Foreman, K. B., Addison, O., Marcus, R. L., & LaStayo, P. C. (2015). Exercise and medication effects on persons with Parkinson disease across the domains of disability: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT, 39(2), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.1097/NPT.0000000000000086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NPT.0000000000000086
Dorsey, E. R., & Bloem, B. R. (2018). The Parkinson Pandemic-A Call to Action. JAMA neurology, 75(1), 9-10. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.3299 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.3299
Dorsey, E. R., Sherer, T., Okun, M. S., & Bloem, B. R. (2018). The Emerging Evidence of the Parkinson Pandemic. Journal of Parkinson's disease, 8(s1), S3-S8. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-181474 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-181474
Gazibara, T., Pekmezovic, T., Kisic-Tepavcevic, D., Svetel, M., Tomic, A., Stankovic, I., & Kostic, V. S. (2015). Incidence and prediction of falls in Parkinson's disease: a prospective cohort study. European journal of epidemiology, 30(4), 349-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-015-0019-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-015-0019-4
GBD 2015 Neurological Disorders Collaborator Group (2017). Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. Neurology, 16(11), 877-897. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30299-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30299-5
Giladi, N., Horak, F. B., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2013). Classification of gait disturbances: distinguishing between continuous and episodic changes. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 28(11), 1469-1473. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25672 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25672
Jankovic J. (2005). Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: clinical manifestations. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 20 Suppl 11, S11-S16. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20458 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20458
Latt, M. D., Lord, S. R., Morris, J. G., & Fung, V. S. (2009). Clinical and physiological assessments for elucidating falls risk in Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 24(9), 1280-1289. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22561 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22561
Mak, M. K., Wong-Yu, I. S., Shen, X., & Chung, C. L. (2017). Long-term effects of exercise and physical therapy in people with Parkinson disease. Nature reviews. Neurology, 13(11), 689-703. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2017.128 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2017.128
Maher, C. G., Sherrington, C., Herbert, R. D., Moseley, A. M., & Elkins, M. (2003). Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Physical Therapy, 83(8), 713-721. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.8.713 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.8.713
Martin, T., Weatherall, M., Anderson, T. J., & MacAskill, M. R. (2015). A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial of a Specific Cueing Program for Falls Management in Persons With Parkinson Disease and Freezing of Gait. Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT, 39(3), 179-184. https://doi.org/10.1097/NPT.0000000000000093 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NPT.0000000000000093
Nutt, J. G., Bloem, B. R., Giladi, N., Hallett, M., Horak, F. B., & Nieuwboer, A. (2011). Freezing of gait: moving forward on a mysterious clinical phenomenon. The Lancet. Neurology, 10(8), 734-744. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70143-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70143-0
Paul, S. S., Canning, C. G., Song, J., Fung, V. S., & Sherrington, C. (2014). Leg muscle power is enhanced by training in people with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical rehabilitation, 28(3), 275-288. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215513507462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215513507462
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/v7gm2
Radder, D. L. M., Lígia Silva de Lima, A., Domingos, J., Keus, S. H. J., van Nimwegen, M., Bloem, B. R., & de Vries, N. M. (2020). Physiotherapy in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Present Treatment Modalities. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 34(10), 871-880. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968320952799 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968320952799
Rochester, L., Hetherington, V., Jones, D., Nieuwboer, A., Willems, A. M., Kwakkel, G., & Van Wegen, E. (2004). Attending to the task: interference effects of functional tasks on walking in Parkinson's disease and the roles of cognition, depression, fatigue, and balance. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 85(10), 1578-1585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.025
Santos, L., Fernandez-Rio, J., Winge, K., Barragán-Pérez, B., González-Gómez, L., Rodríguez-Pérez, V., González-Díez, V., Lucía, A., Iglesias-Soler, E., Dopico-Calvo, X., Fernández-Del-Olmo, M., Del-Valle, M., Blanco-Traba, M., Suman, O. E., & Rodríguez-Gómez, J. (2017). Effects of progressive resistance exercise in akinetic-rigid Parkinson's disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 53(5), 651-663. https://doi.org/10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04572-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04572-5
Shen, X., & Mak, M. K. (2014). Balance and Gait Training With Augmented Feedback Improves Balance Confidence in People With Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 28(6), 524-535. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968313517752 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968313517752
Shen, X., & Mak, M. K. (2015). Technology-assisted balance and gait training reduces falls in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial with 12-month follow-up. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 29(2), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968314537559 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968314537559
Shulman, L. M., Katzel, L. I., Ivey, F. M., Sorkin, J. D., Favors, K., Anderson, K. E., Smith, B. A., Reich, S. G., Weiner, W. J., & Macko, R. F. (2013). Randomized clinical trial of 3 types of physical exercise for patients with Parkinson disease. JAMA neurology, 70(2), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.646 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.646
Steffen, T., & Seney, M. (2008). Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change on balance and ambulation tests, the 36-item short-form health survey, and the unified Parkinson disease rating scale in people with parkinsonism. Physical therapy, 88(6), 733-746. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20070214 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20070214
Steffen, T., Petersen, C., & Dvorak, L. (2012). Community-based exercise and wellness program for people diagnosed with Parkinson disease: experiences from a 10-month trial. Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001), 35(4), 173-180. https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0b013e31824a1c9d DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0b013e31824a1c9d
Van Den Eeden, S. K., Tanner, C. M., Bernstein, A. L., Fross, R. D., Leimpeter, A., Bloch, D. A., & Nelson, L. M. (2003). Incidence of Parkinson's disease: variation by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. American Journal of Epidemiology, 157(11), 1015-1022. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg068
Wróblewska, A., Gajos, A., Smyczyńska, U., & Bogucki, A. (2019). The Therapeutic Effect of Nordic Walking on Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study. Parkinson's disease, 2019, 3846279. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3846279 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3846279
Zanardi, A. P. J., da Silva, E. S., Costa, R. R., Passos-Monteiro, E., Dos Santos, I. O., Kruel, L. F. M., & Peyré-Tartaruga, L. A. (2021). Gait parameters of Parkinson's disease compared with healthy controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific reports, 11(1), 752. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80768-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80768-2