Convergent validity of session-RPE against heart-rate and GPS training load measures in football A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Abstract
Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) is the most widely used method for quantifying internal training load in football, yet its convergent validity with objective heart-rate (HR) and GPS-derived external load measures remains insufficiently characterized. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the convergent validity of sRPE against HR-based and GPS-derived training load measures in football, and to test whether validity coefficients differ systematically between GPS volume and GPS intensity metrics. Five databases (Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar) were searched for studies published between 2013 and 2025. Ten studies contributing 40 correlation coefficients were included. A three-level random-effects model with REML estimation was applied. Pooled estimates were: sRPE vs HR load r = .805 [95% CI: .729, .861; I² = 0.0%]; sRPE vs GPS volume r = .760 [95% CI: .654, .836; I² = 45.7%]; sRPE vs GPS intensity r = .556 [95% CI: .465, .635; I² = 0.0%]; overall r = .708 [95% CI: .616, .781; I² = 42.6%]. The volume–intensity dissociation was statistically significant (Δr = 0.204, Z = 2.94, p = .003). sRPE demonstrates acceptable convergent validity with HR-based and GPS-volume measures but is markedly less sensitive to high-intensity external load. These findings have direct implications for the use of sRPE-derived ACWR in training load monitoring and injury risk assessment in football.
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